Aneela Nike Post: July 2020

Wednesday 29 July 2020

Sri Krishna Mutt, Udupi

Udupi is one of the top tourist attractions in Karnataka and close to Mangalore. It lends its name to the famous Udupi cuisine allover the world. Udupi is known as Kashi of the South. It is a temple town famous for the Sri Krishna temple and the Ashta mutt. The mutt area resembles a thriving ashram, a holy place for devotion, daily prayers, rituals and living. It is also known as Lord Parashurama Kshetra, and is famous for Kanakana Kindi.

Udupi, a popular pilgrimage centre, is also known as the temple city. It is also known as Rajata Peetha and Shivalli. Apart from this, the Tulu Ashta Mutts are a group of eight mutts or Hindu monasteries established by Madhvacharya, the founder of the Madhva parampara and Dvaita School Vedanta, based Hindu thought and philosphy in the 13^th century. For each of the eight Mutts, he appointed one of his disciples as the first Swami and head of the Mutt.

And Paryaya is a religious ritual which takes place every alternate year in the mutt. During Paryaya, the rituals, puja and administration of the Krishna Mutt is handed over from the Swamiji of one Ashta Mutt to the Swamiji of another Ashta Mutt. The responsibility of the religious functions and administration of the mutt is smoothly passed on from one mutt to the other mutt. This practice has been going on for decades.

Udupi, 60 km north of Mangalore is the seat of Lord Krishna, and considered to be one of the holiest places for pilgrimage in Southern India. Here apart from the holy temple of Sri Krishna, this is also the birthplace of Sri Madhvacharya, founder of Dwaita Philosophy and one of the three great Acharyas. He is supposed to have discovered the idol of Shri Krishna from a ship, which he saved miraculously from the clutches of violent storm on the sea near Malpe, close to Udupi. One day when he was performing his morning prayers on the Malpe shore, he found that a ship sailing in the sea, was in danger owing to rough weather, Sri Madhvacharya with his divine powers was able to meditate and control and calm the rough weather.

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The pond where the statue was bathed and purified came to be known as the famous Madhva Sarovar and the sanctum where the statue was installed became famous as the Krishna temple. As per information passed on from generation to generation, Sri Madhvacharya installed the statue in the later part of 13th century but there is no documented proof of the same.

Udupi Sri Krishna Mutt temple is dedicated to Lord Krishna. Udupi is first among the seven places of pilgrimages. Thousands of pious devotees throng the Krishna temple all round the year to catch a glimpse of Lord Krishna. The unique feature of Sri Krishna temple is that the Lord is worshipped only through a window with nine holes called the Navagraha Kindi. The window is exquisitely carved and silver-plated. It has been a tradition of this temple to worship the Lord only through this window. Surrounding the Sri Krishna Mutt are several old temples, namely the Anantheshwara Temple which is over a 1,000 years old.

As per one of the legends, a popular belief is that King Rama Bhoja, an ardent follower of Parashurama installed the statue of Anantheshwara. Chandreshwara temple was built in the spot where Chandra (the moon) performed a penance, to get rid of the curse of Daksha Prajapathi. The place where Chandra meditated got to be called as Udupi. (Udu, a star and pa, follower) The usual practice in Udupi is to visit Chandreswara, Anantheshwara temples and then visit Sri Krishna temple.

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In the 16th century, during Sri Vaadiraja’s rule, Kanakadasa, an ardent believer and devotee, came to Udupi to worship Lord Krishna. He was not allowed to worship in front or to enter inside the temple since he was from a lower caste, as was prevalent in those days. So dejected, he went to the rear side and started to pray and sing devotional songs in the name of Sri Krishna. Pleased by the devotion of poor Kanakadasa, the Lord created a small window in the back wall of the temple, and the statue turned to face towards the small window so that Kanakadasa could see him. This small window came to be known popularly as Kanakana Kindi. This was the proof of his sincerity, belief and his devotion for Sri Krishna.

It is believed that Madhvaacharya found the Vigraha of Sri Krishna in a large ball of gopichandana. As narrated by Madhvacharya in his Tantrasara Sangraha, the Vigraha is placed Pashchimabhimukha (facing west). All the other Vigrahas in other Mutts too are facing west. Devotees take darshan of Lord Krishna through the inner window, known as Navagraha Kindi and the outer window known as Kankana Kindi, which is decorated by an arch named after the saint. His statue has also been erected there.

The temple opens early morning at 5.30 as the sun rises. After the puja and rituals, the temple offers traditional vegetarian meal as prasadam. The daily sevas (offerings) and administration of the Krishna Mutt is managed by the Swamiji of the Ashta Mutts. Each of the Mutt perform the religious rituals and temple management activities for two years.

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Sri Krishna Mutt is known worldwide for its strict vedic traditions, ancient customs and learning of Dvaita philosophy. It is also the centre of Daasa Sahitya, literature that originated in Udupi. Udupi being a temple city is dotted with temples. It also has restaurants offering delicious South Indian snacks and meals. Udupi is also famous for the fragnant Mallige flowers used for religious ceremonies, marriages and other functions.

The Ashta Mutts are - Pejavar, Puttige, Palimaru, Adamaru,Sodhe, Kaniyooru, Shirur and Krishnapura.

The expenses of the Sri Krishna Mutt are managed through voluntary contributions and donations in cash or kind from devotees, and well managed by the Ashta Mutt. The Pauli Krishna Mutt was renovated and Brahmakalashotsava ceremony was held on 18 May 2017. Festivals like Makar Sankranti, Ratha Sapthami, Madhva Jayanti (Vijaya Dashmi), Naraka Chathurdashi, Deepavali, Geetha Jayanti are celebrated every year. A lot of devotees from Karnataka and all over India and foreign tourists visit the place during these festive ocassions.

To visit Udupi, one can reach Mangalore by flight, and travel by road, Udupi is about 60 kms from Mangalore. Private taxis are available at a fixed fare. And if you are travelling by train, most Konkan Railway trains stop at Udupi station and you can reach the temple by auto or taxi. Regular buses ply between Mangalore and Udupi. Even private luxury and state transport buses plying from Mumbai to Mangalore, pass through Udupi and stop here. Good hotels are available nearby and many restaurants offer you delicious South Indian fare - snacks, sweets and meals.

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Thursday 23 July 2020

Goa & Mangalore – many similarities?

Since Goa and Mangalore are both situated on the coastal areas, the hot and humid climate, the staple food of rice and love for seafood is common, so is the language, Konkani. The people in both the places are friendly, but Goans are more extrovert, liberal and a bit westernised, whereas Mangaloreans are more introvert and conservative, with incidents of moral policing by certain groups in the recent past tarnishing the image. On the face of it, Goa and Mangalore have many similarities, but as you read on, you will realize though very similar, actually they aren’t similar. The way of life in Goa is different from Mangalore. Goans and Mangaloreans who have seen both the places will vouch for it.

Goa and Mangalore are both situated on the west coast of India. Goa is a small state tucked in between Maharastra to the north and Karnataka to the south. Mangalore is towards south Karnataka, with Kerala border not very far. So the climate is hot and humid and the staple food being rice is common. Both Goans and Mangaloreans love seafood. The distance between Goa and Mangalore is about 5-6 hours by train. Both the places are served by Konkan Railway. And both Goa and Mangalore are accessible by road, rail, air and sea. Mangalore has an international airport with flights to and from Gulf countries. Both have busy sea ports.

Mangalore skyline

Many Goans work abroad or foreign ships or have settled in foreign countries. A large number of Mangaloreans too work abroad in gulf and other countries or have settled abroad for years. Many of them occupy senior positions in reputed companies. Many Mangaloreans have their roots in Goa, many of whom migrated during the reign of Adil Shah and later Portuguese rule. They have gone and settled as far as Kerala. Many of them still have their family dieties in Goa. Most of the Mangalorean Catholics have migrated from Goa and adopted local customs and traditions but haved retained their language. There are many instances of Goans and Mangaloreans marrying and feeling at home as the environment, language, spicy food and lifestyle is almost same as back home in Goa or Mangalore. And the people of both places are outgoing, friendly and helpful.

Panjim, Goa

Apart from being situated in the coastal area, another common factor being both were under Portuguese rule, Goa was under Portuguese rule till the sixities when the Indian army action merged Goa with India. Mangalore was under Portuguese rule for a short period, as they were harassed and defeated by the daring Abbakka Rani and later by Tipu Sultan. But later again the Portuguese captured Mangalore, but somehow they couldn’t hold on to it for long as Mangalore soon came under British rule as rest of India, and was brought under Madras Presidency for goverence. Konkani is spoken in Goa. In Mangalore too Konkani is spoken alongwith Kannada the state language, Tulu, spoken in South Kanara district, Beary spoken by the Muslims. But there is a variation in the Konkani spoken in Goa and Mangalore, just as there is a variation in the Konkani spoken by Hindus and Catholics in Goa and Mangalore.

Mangalore International Airport

Goa and Mangalore are known for beautiful temples and churches. There are many ancient temples and old gothic design churches in Goa, and same is the case in Mangalore, dotted with churches. Similarly you find old Portuguese style villas and cottages in both Goa and Mangalore. Both Goans and Mangaloreans are equally proud of their homelands, Goa and Mangalore, including South Kanara district, they call as Tulunad. Mangaloreans are a distinct people as compared to others in the state of Karnataka. Sometime ago there was an agitation for a separate Tulunad, comprising mainly South Kanara district and Udupi district, spanning from the boundry of North Kanara up to Kasargod in North Kerala.

Flea market on beach, Goa

In spite of certain prejudices both Goan Catholics and Mangaloreans may have against each other, the fact remains that that they belong to the same Konkani Catholic culture. A Goan outside of Goa would get along better with a Mangalorean and vice-versa. A Mangalorean would rather marry a Goan than a Catholic from other Southern states like Kerala or Chennai.

Buildings in Mangalore

Here the similarities end. Mangalore in a way is a much more developed city compared to Goa, being a petrochemical hub, banking, healthcare and education hub. Corporate offices and maajor IT companies are located here. Mangalore has the tallest buildings in South India. Mangalore city and the beaches are the cleanest in India. With many big malls, huge showrooms and big automobile, jewellery and appliances outlets, Mangalore is a modern growing city. Here the new modern towers and buildings stand in harmony with the ancient structures. A well planned combination of the old and new. Since I visit Goa and Mangalore often, I can tell you this with confidence. Goans too who have visited Mangalore will confirm this.

Tourists at the beach

Mangalorean cuisines are much better compared to Goa as Mangalore has a wide range of vegetarian and non-vegetarian cuisines, sweets and snacks. Mangalore is known for its spicy seafood with popular restaurants catering to locals, outsiders and foreign tourists. Every early morning boats loaded with fresh and big fishes from Mangalore reach Goan docks.

Village scene, Mangalore

Goa is quite overrated than Mangalore and other coastal cities from a tourism point of view. Goa is very much over hyped. But because of the publicity an image has been created that Goa is a place to chill out with family and friends. Goa is projected as beach and boozers spot. But Goa is much more than that, which the tourists are not aware of. The projection of Goa over the years has created this mindset on the outsiders and tourists that Goa is just for fun and booze.

Sea side Resort, Goa

Consumer prices including rent are lower in Mangalore than in Goa. Goans are generally more extrovert, fun loving, and laid back, whereas Mangaloreans are generally more reserved, serious, and thrifty. Goans are more westernised, whereas Mangaloreans though modern, don’t make it obvious. Many Goans have a soft corner for Portugal, whereas Mangaloreans don’t even think of them, they have forgotten the Portuguese past. Most Mangaloreans have even forgotten that Mangalore was once ruled by Portuguese, though for a short period, but the older generation fondly remember the British rule.

District Commissioner's office, M'lore

Goa has suffered due to unstable governments, politicians and petty politics. Mangalore is a well governed city with much more development in infrastructure, business, academics, medical care, which has encouraged and started medical tourism mainly from Kerala, other states and middle east. While in Goa the main thrust has been on tourism only.

Good time at the beach, Goa

Mangalore scores over Goa in public transport. Latest, clean and well managed private buses and government buses run efficiently connecting all the parts of the city and outskirts at a reasonable fare. Auto drivers are polite and run on meter. Taxis too are clean and charge fixed fares. Whereas in Goa if you don’t have your own means of transport, you are bound to suffer and spend time on bargaining and shell out quite an amount on autos or other means of transport. Taxi mafia in Goa is famous as they not only charge exhorbitant fares to locals but tourists are harassed. They dont even allow app based cabs to run freely, creating hurdles in their way.

Also read: Mangalore - a tourist destination

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World’s largest all-electric aircraft successfully takes its first flight

The world’s largest all-electric plane recently took its first successful flight, that lasted about 30 minutes. The eCaravan aircraft is a Cessna 208 Caravan plane, which was fitted with a750-horsepower electric motor made by US-based startup MagniX and modified by aerospace engineering firm AeroTEC. The aircraft, which is about 37 feet long, typically seats nine passengers.

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Saturday 11 July 2020

Scuffle at Galwan valley on 15/16 June

The Taiwan Prime Minister had once said, Chinese armed forces are a paper dragon, threatening the neighbouring countries all around including countries in the South China sea. A couple of years ago they provoked Vietnam and got a bloody nose and quietly withdrew realizing that the Vietnamese can be tough th and retaliate brutally.

All are aware about the recent stand-off between India and China at Ladakh and the skirmishes on the Sikkim and Arunachal - China border and earlier at Doklam. The standoff and aggressive posturing by China at Ladakh, led to a scuffle and a deadly hand-to-hand fighting at the Galwan Valley with causalities on both sides. The Chinese once again suffered a bloody nose with higher casualties, and the government refuses to announce the number of their soldiers killed and injured in the fighting.

Much has been written and said about this confrontation and the casualties. Many reporters and anchors have become defence experts and have been writing, narrating or reporting their version of the stories on Galwan Valley fighting and posting odd pictures, some far from the truth and some do it sitting in the air conditioned studios. So here we are reproducing the factual ground report on what actually happened at Galvan Valley on the night of 15/16 June. It’s from the horse's mouth so to say, by an army officer, explaining in detail as to what exactly happened on the ground. This was forwarded to me by a regular reader.

(Pics are representative of the area and not of the exact locations)

ON GALWAN EPISODE OF NIGHT 15/16 JUNE REVISITED

- By Col Rajinder Singh, 3 Bihar

In the fog of war, a lot of misinformation flies. Ill-informed but *self styled defence experts* and politicians always push through home made theories . *Some of these so called experts had perhaps never ever seen high altitude terrain in their entire life* or *service careers*. But they must *appear on TV channels to narrate true lies* . This is what had happened about the scuffle that ensued between Indian and Chinese troops in Galwan valley of Eastern Ladakh on 15/16 June 2020.

Galwan in Kashmiri dialects means “ Strong Man” or a PEHALWAN (Wrestler). The river emanates at Aksai Chin and flows East to west for 80 km through gorges of high mountains upto 17000 feet. It joins Shyok River in the Shyok Valley .

The Galwan River valley is named after Gulam Rasool Galwan of Leh , who, as a young boy, had accompanied British expeditions in Himalayas as a guide in the late 19 th Century. In one of the expeditions in 1899, led by Lt Col Charles Murray to Pamir Mountains in Tajikistan, party lost its way due to bad weather. It was young Gulam Rasool Galwan , who found the way through this river valley. Thus, the river was named Galwan after him.

The Galwan River Valley was the flash point of 1962 war. In its 1959 claim line China had claimed the entire valley up to Shyok River confluence of Galwan River . The Valley became a flash point after China constructed a road between Xinjiang and Tibet, without India's consent. The highway is now known as G219. After building the road, the Chinese lay a claim to the area, first in 1959.

The valley was defended by a company of Gorkha regiment of Indian Army in 1962 after China had constructed G 219 through Aksai Chin. And then suddenly this Gorkha locality, was surrounded by PLA on 06 July 1962 . The brave Gorkha troops remained cut off for three months . On 04 October 1962 , a Company of 5 JAT was sent to reinforce Gorkha Company by Indian Army . PLA fired on this company and killed 36 men of the JAT company . This was the start point of 1962 war .

Ever since 1962 , the Galwan valley has been under occupation of China . Protective Patrol - 14 is the only point in the mouth of Galwan valley that India controls, it is on the LAC. The significance of this PP-14 is that it screens Chinese peep into Shyok River confluence with Galwan River . India has recently built a bridge over this confluence . Besides , a Link Road to PP-14 is being constructed from this bridge on the DSDBO Road, which is probably the bone of contention.

It must be noted that LAC/border with China is not marked. Galwan valley had been on the Eastern side of LAC , which is under Chinese control. And this has been the case for last 58 years . Galwan valley was lost during the Prime Ministership of Pundit Jawahar Lal Nehru . And it has been status quo since then .

Therefore, if Prime Minister Narender Modi says that China has not entered our side of LAC , he is right. Those who make noise that he has surrendered to China, have no idea of history and also the ground situation. Most of them forget what Nehru had said of Aksai Chin . To remind these forgetful minds , it is reiterated that he had surrendered it by saying : Not a blade of grass grows there. As of date India has not surrendered its claim either on Aksai Chin or Galwan valley . It has only said the obvious reality that LAC since 1962 is well under Indian Control. And it includes PP-14.

Anyway , let me reiterate the significance of Galwan valley . As I have brought out earlier that India had constructed a road to DBO from Shyok and Darbuk. It is 255 km long and it has strategic importance of logistics support and also switching of forces to DBO . The point of issue is not this but the Link Road being built to PP-14. This is giving headache to China . Chinese think that India could launch an offensive towards Aksai Chin using Galwan Valley. PP-14 obstructs their direct view. Even China has built a road from Aksai Chin to this valley . Unconfirmed reports say China was building a dam over this river to flood the area in times of crisis .

The present crisis of 15 June 2020 was due to Chinese attempt to come up to PP-14. In fact they had created a tented camp below it around 10-12 June 2020. This camp was forcibly removed by India on 12/13 June 2020. Probably , Some fatalities were suffered by PLA in this action.. This perhaps had enraged the Chinese and again by 14 June 2020, they set up a fresh tented camp in 14 June 2020. This was detected by India on 15 June 2020 and it led to a deadly scuffle .

Tell tale marks of the true incident have now begun to appear in many accounts and they have opened up a Pandora's box of many a lies . One has to just join the dots to visualise a true picture.

At the risk of repetition, it is a known fact that the bone of contention in the Galwan River valley and not the Darbuk - Shuyok - Dolat Beg OLDI ( DSDBO) Road and a bridge over the River Shyok and River Galwan confluence. To be frank, it was the 12 14 km link from this bridge to Protective Patrol Point 14 ( PP 14) . This point is at the LAC and under Indian Control since 1962. And like 1962 , it might become the flash point of another war , if China does not desist from its aggression. Perhaps , it does not realise that millions of cubic acre feet of water had flown through Galwan River over the last 58 years. The year 2020 is not the year 1962.,

The significance of this Link Road is that it is a pincer aimed at the Galwan valley which could further be linked to a Chinese Road going to China’s Western Highway ( G219) passing through Aksai Chin . More important tactical advantage of PP 14 is that it screens Chinese overview of Shyok river and DSDBO Road . This was the advantage China wanted to deny to India. From the left edge of the bridge is a black streak of road going North . This is the link to PP 14. China had pitched a tented camp just few hundreds meters from PP 14.

On 06 June 2020 , an agreement was reached between the Chinese and Indian commanders (Major General Liyu Lin Commander of South Xinjiang Theatre of China and Lt Gen Harinder Singh of 14 Corps of India) to appropriately withdraw from present locations. India was to fall back 1.5 km westward and China by 2.5 km eastward. The disengagement was to be completed by 15 June 2020.

Indian troops before pulling out wanted to ensure that Chinese too had pulled out . Information available from various accounts suggests that a patrol of 10 men under a Major from 4 Mahar / 16 Bihar was sent to ascertain this fact. They found the tent and burnt it . As they were returning they were surrounded and captured because Chinese were fully armed.

As soon as CO 16 Bihar , Col Santosh Babu learnt this, he rushed to the spot with 30 men to negotiate this. It is learnt that Chinese were on a higher ground and Indian patrol party was slowly climbing . We must know that at 15000 feet and so , the foot movement is very sluggish and slow . One can not rush and climb. One loses breath. Also the track was so narrow that one could only move in a single file —- one man behind the other . This is why the road to PP-14,was constructed. News is that job has been done .

As the Col Santosh‘s party was some 60-100 meters from Chinese tent , they shouted at him to come alone if he wanted to negotiate about the patrol. Col Santosh agreed and moved up with 2 men . It may be noted that CO and his two men were unarmed, as is the norm in all such flag meetings . After reaching they had heated exchange for 4-5 minutes but Chinese gave in and agreed to withdraw. As soon as CO and his men turned, Chinese attacked him with nailed Clubs and all three fell badly wounded.

Seeing this rest of the CO party radioed it to the base and charged towards the Chinese . A hand to hand fight began. Indians had bayonets charged to rifles as an answer to Chinese nailed Clubs and iron rods. It may be noted that Indians are well trained in close combat and bayonet fighting.

In the meanwhile, Chinese reinforcements of 400 men joined but so did 200 men from 16 Bihar and adjoining units. Thus it became a joint operation of mixed troops also from Arty , Mahar and Punjab Regiments . Accounts now filtering out is that 16 Bihar men and other Indian troops had gone berserk . The Ghatak platoons (Commandos) of other battalions had joined in. Chinese were running helter skelter. The troops were 16 Bihar , 3 Punjab , 4 Mahar , 3 Med Regt and 181 Field Regt . It was a joint operation.

A Deccan Chronicle report of June 19, 2020 gives out a survivor participant’s account to say that minimum of 18 PLA soldiers necks were snapped —— they could be seen with their necks dangling from their bodies .

Another report from a JCO, as an eye witness of Arty, who came with the mortal remains of another Arty JCO to Patiala, corroborates the ferocity of all men charging at the Chinese. . He gave the story of 16 Bihar men going berserk and blasting the life out of PLA soldiers . In this melee a Chinese bulldozer caused a land slide and with it many PLA soldiers went hundreds of feet into the icy cold river Galwan and probably died.

*On talking to OC Rear of 16 Bihar , it turned out that Lt Col Maninder Nagpal (2ic) ,Capt Ajun Deshpande (3yrs), Capt Manangma (2yrs) of 16 Bihar were the most daring and they ferociously led their troops to avenge the death of their CO* . Another soldier of Arty regiment , Sepoy Surinder Singh is stated to have killed 10 PLA Soldiers with his sword. He is a Amritdhari Sikh. He too got wounded in the head and is convalescing in Leh Hospital .

Though India declared 20 dead including Col Santosh Babu, but China too, suffered heavy casualties. China did not give out the number of casualties . Global Times claimed that it did not give out number of casualties because it did not want confrontational sentiments to escalate . This is a typical lie of a Communist regime .

Some Indian estimates put the Chinese casualties at 43. This they estimate from the helicopter trips coming to collect the casualties , which India allowed . But American report from intercepts suggests that there were 35 dead, possibly a few officers including Colonels and Majors. This does not include the soldiers who went down in the river when land slide took place . Therefore some estimates say that China suffered between 128 to 150 casualties .

What about the Indian patrol of one officer and 10 men which was taken prisoners by China on 15 June . A hush hush report in some papers like The Guardian and The Dawn of Pakistan suggested that they were released on 18 June 2020 in exchange of Chinese soldiers held by India . But it was unduly denied both by Indian Army and Chinese Foreign Ministry .

However there is an interesting twist in the tail. It is that on the said night , a patrol from 3 Medium Regiment of Indian Army, had captured a Chinese Colonel and few men who were running away from the scene of action where 16 Bihar soldiers had gone aggressive. The release of 10 men of Indian patrol is a give and take of this Chinese Colonel and his men. *Chinese definitely learnt a lesson so as not to mess with Indian soldiers*.

Finally , a word about three treaties India had signed with China on Border Management in 1993, 1996 and 2013 which prohibits the use of fire arms on the border. This is a joke . There are more casualties due to physical fights with swords, nailed bats and iron rods which both sides carry. India should free its soldiers of such restrictions .

But what about the treaty signed by Congress Party and Sonia Gandhi with Communist party of China in 2008 ? Is it not strange that some of the leaders of this party are now obliquely questioning Indian soldiers and their bravery . In fact they are supporting the Chinese narrative which is full of lies. The president of this party had dinner with Chinese envoy in July 2017 when Doka La crisis was on . They should realise that in matters of national security , nation comes first always and every time —- no matter how deeply one is befriended with foreign nationals .

Indians happily stay alive ; some do their business , some sit in the Parliament and assemblies , most chit chat peacefully on social media platforms but some do verbal aerobatics with their lungs in TV rooms . All this is possible because the soldiers play with their lives on the borders . Galwan River episode must shake their conscience . It is sacrifice of the soldiers which make the netas and commentators safe . A grateful nation must honour the Galwan Heroes of Night 15/16 June. Their raw courage displayed against a well prepared enemy must rule the nations soul.

Also read: India China diplomatic row almost erupted into a full scale war in 1967

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Ethinicity in the Puja area

The beauty of the puja area lies in its ethnicity. The beautiful lamps, incense sticks makes the house smell divine, colourful flowers spread over the idols and the bright diyas.

The idols and photographs of gods should face East, West or North, but never South as per tradition and custom.

During festivals, the puja area can be redecorated with flowers, bells and other articles to give it an inviting and festive look to welcome come the gods.

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Krishna Temple, Udupi, Karnataka, India

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