Tuesday 26 May 2020

Do you know the US Accidentally Dropped Nukes On Itself And Its Allies





With new innovations, making of deadly nuclear weapons  developed in the name of science and technology created fear and panic. With every invention there is a fear of mishap. And accidents do happen, but not with nukes. The consequences could be disastrous, a part of mankind would be wiped out, the area could be burnt and barren for decades with radiation making it useless for any productive use. The resulting damages would be far greater than Hiroshima and Nagasaki. America accidentally dropped 14 Nuclear Bombs.

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The world knows that the first nuclear bombs were dropped on the two Japanese cities Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan with devastating effect. Grave damage was done to life and property, and the radio activity lasting for years. Generations of maimed and radiation affected people still survive.  Serious damage was done to the area due to the nuclear bomb dropped on the two cities in 1945 by the Americans to end the World War II. It was no longer conventional war, but the start of a nuclear era, a far more dangerous weapon.

With new innovations, making of deadly nuclear weapons  developed in the name of science and technology created fear and panic. With every invention there is a fear of mishap. And accidents do happen, but not with nukes. The consequences could be disastrous, a part of mankind would be wiped out, the area could be burnt and barren for decades with radiation making it useless for any productive use. The resulting damages would be far greater than Hiroshima and Nagasaki. And such mishaps have happened with nukes, luckily with no serious damage. One might go crazy thinking such accidents have happened as the luck was on our side. If not, the unimaginable would have happened wiping off a large number of our population.

On March 11, 1958, an Air Force B-47 Stratojet was making its way to the United Kingdom from the Hunter Air Force Base in Savannah, Georgia. It was sent out with the intention of helping out in Operation Snow Flurry, but it never made it. As the plane was cruising over South Carolina, the pilots noticed that a fault light in the cockpit was indicating a problem with the locking pin on the bomb harnesses in the cargo bay. You see, back then, the plane was required to carry nuclear weapons at all times just in case a war broke out with the Soviet Union. The nuclear bomb in question was as 26-kiloton Mark 6, even more powerful than the Fat Man bomb dropped on Nagasaki.


Mk.39 thermonuclear bombs 
rests in a field in Faro,
1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash.
On a cold morning in January, 1961 Goldsboro, North Carolina woke up to this shock; a thermonuclear bomb sticking out of the ground. A second unexploded bomb was buried in a crater not far away. Both nukes had literally fallen out of a crashing B-52 bomber in the middle of the night. Had either bomb gone off, they would have unleashed an explosion with two hundred and fifty times the destructive power of Hiroshima. The fireball alone would’ve been more than a kilometre and a half wide, vaporizing everything in its path. Nuclear fallout could have blanketed much of the East Coast, reaching as far as Washington, Baltimore, or even New York. This incident, according to recently declassified documents, was a close call. Because at least one of the bombs had armed itself as it fell back to earth, and its widely believed that only a single safety switch prevented disaster. It’s sheer luck that nothing happened.

 EOD personnel recover the buried Mk.39
 thermonuclear bomb that fell into a Faro
The 1961 Goldsboro B-52 crash was an accident that occurred near Goldsboro, North Carolina, on 23 January 1961. A Boeing B-52 Stratofortress carrying two 3–4-megaton Mark 39 nuclear bombs broke up in mid-air, dropping its nuclear payload in the process. The pilot in command, Walter Scott Tulloch, ordered the crew to eject at 9,000 feet. Five crewmen successfully ejected or bailed out of the aircraft and landed safely, another ejected, but did not survive the landing, and two died in the crash. Information declassified in 2013 showed that one of the bombs came very close to detonating. . One shudders to think of the consequences had something wrong would have happened that day.

A 26-kiloton Mark 6 bomb is
even more powerful than the Fat Man
 bomb dropped on Nagasaki. Kelly Michals/Flickr
But as harrowing as it sounds, what happened in Goldsboro would repeat itself and can happen again. Throughout the 1960's, B-52 bombers accidentally dropped a total 14 thermonuclear bombs, and sometimes with serious consequences. During the height of the Cold War, America kept bombers, loaded up with thermonuclear weapons airborne at all times, twenty four hours a day, every day of the year. At any given moment, there were at least a dozen nuclear bombers in the air, flying one of several routes approaching the Soviet Union. It was called Operation Chrome Dome. A program to keep nuclear bombers on continuous airborne alert, so that if the Soviets launched a surprise nuclear attack, America would be ready to respond. And keeping the bombers airborne was critical. But at what cost. It was a disaster waiting to happen.

In 1957, the Soviets launched the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile. Sticking a nuke on top of a rocket was a game changer. Unlike a bomber which needed hours to deliver a nuclear bomb, a missile could hit its target in under half an hour. And there would be little warning of one coming, nor any way to stop it.  Air Intelligence Briefing is secret. Americans analyzed the Soviet guided missile test program in great depth. The Soviet missile development program reveals that it introduces a new dimension to surprise and forces us to reassess our own strategic position and re-evaluate the Soviet’s ability to deal a crippling blow. By the late 1950's, American intelligence was convinced that the West had fallen behind in nuclear missile technology. And the Soviet’s weren't exactly shy about it either.

Khrushchev bragged openly that Soviet factories were producing missiles out like sausages. If true, it meant the Soviets would soon gain an enormous strategic advantage, one that could even knock out America’s ability to respond to a Soviet nuclear attack. Because faced with a barrage of incoming missiles, America’s bombers might not even make it off the ground in time. And that’s where Operation Chrome Dome came in. By keeping some of America's nuclear bombers airborne at all times, they would be well out of harm’s way and ready to head towards the Soviet Union. Knowing this, the Soviets might reconsider. But the program would push B-52s and their flight crews to their limits. Bombers would be in the air for as long as 24 hours. It was risky, and the obvious question at least someone had to be asking was, what happens when one of these bombers loaded up with nukes crashes? It would be a disaster of unthinkable proportion. And who would be held responsible for this catastrophe.

The answer came just three  months into the program. But Goldsboro would be just the first in a string of early accidents in which a total of six nuclear bombs crashed back to earth, only to be recovered without much in the way of consequences. The bombs simply hit the ground without any of their conventional or nuclear explosives detonating. It might have even created a false sense of confidence. Because Chrome Dome missions continued for years, even as it became clear that the Soviets never had missile superiority to begin with. They had created this sense of superiority through propaganda which the west fell prey to.

The bombers were kept flying because unlike buried missiles silos, and stealthy nuclear submarines, B-52’s patrolling Soviet borders were a constant reminder that America was ready. But the program would soon be seen in an entirely different light. An accident over Palomares, Spain in 1966 sent four nukes crashing back to earth. And this time, two of them detonated their conventional explosives. A disaster missed by a whisker.

There was no nuclear blast. But five square kilometres of Spanish countryside were contaminated with radioactive plutonium. It was the worst nuclear accident of its time, and 17,000 tonnes of radioactive soil had to be shipped back to the United States in an enormous cleanup effort. Decades later, there were still traces of the contamination at site. After the Spain incident, Operation Chrome Dome was scaled back.

But that wouldn't prevent a final accident in Thule Greenland, when another four thermonuclear bombs came crashing back to earth.All of them detonated their conventional explosives, spreading contamination over a large area.One of the nuclear bombs was never recovered.And that put an immediate end to Operation Chrome Dome. And an end to any further mishaps, making the world a bit safer from any more nuclear accident.

The Cold War, especially during the 1960's, was an insane time, and the legacy of Operation Chrome Dome is hard to pin down. America accidentally dropped 14 Nuclear Bombs. But keeping bombers airborne for eight straight years also helped maintain the delicate balance of power between America and the Soviet Union, and it might have prevented  a nuclear war. Looking back many experts may question, was it necessary and if it was, was it a threat to the Soviets. Did it stop the Soviets from going into a nuclear war with Americans. It’s difficult to say.

Also read:
USS New York                  The Americans in Afghan War

How Cargo Ship helped win World War-2

UFO footage nobody was supposed to see







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Olive oil can do wonders
A study published in the journal Molecular cell, suggests that it is the fat in olive oil which activates a pathway in cells known to increase lifespan and prevent aging-related diseases. According to researchers, merely consuming olive oil is not enough to elicit all the health benefits.

The study also found that following a Mediterranean diet for a year could help keep the mind sharp and reduce frailty in old age.The Mediterranean diet which is commonly referred to as heart-healthy way of eating, has been linked to a number of potential health benefits. Researchers have found that olive oil in their diet may hold the key to improving lifespan and mitigating aging-related diseases, a compound called resveratrol. 

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Murudeshwar Temple, Murudeshwar,
Karnataka, India
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Tuesday 19 May 2020

The human computer, honoured with a Google Doodle!






Shakuntala Devi was a child prodigy, a maths genius, an Indian writer and mental calculator, popularly known as the human computer. Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of The Guinness Book of World Records. Shakuntala Devi wrote a number of books in her later years, including novels as well as texts about mathematics, puzzles, and astrology. She wrote the book The World of Homosexuals, which is considered the first authentic study of homosexuality in India. She treated homosexuality in a positive light and is considered a pioneer in the field….

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I still remember, one morning, a smiling, short, middle-aged lady draped in a sari and with bob cut hair visit our school. We had heard about her, but were not aware of her achievements There was a lot of murmuring, with boys saying, she is a genius, can calculate big figures, plus, minus, multiplication, divide, squareroot and dates within seconds. We were curious. All the students were assembled in the quadrangle and were asked to be sitted and observe. And a big board was kept in the quadrangle top end and our math sir,  Mr Acharya had papers in his hand which had some big figures and math questions to be asked to Shakuntala Devi and test her skill. The session began. Mr Acharya started writing the figures on the blackboard. She was shown the questions and she replied easily without any fuss and with a smile on her face, astounding the audience with her speed in answering them. She impressed all. Teachers, students and others were stunned by her poise and speed in calculating. She truly was a genius.

Remembering  her on her death anniversary on 21 April, felt a sense of pride seeing the achievements of Shakuntala Devi. And also because of her achievements abroad as an Indian. It all started at the age of 3, it was while playing cards with her father, that he discovered her uncanny ability to memorise numbers.

Shakuntala Devi (4 November 1929 – 21 April 2013) was a child prodigy, a maths genius, an Indian writer and mental calculator, popularly known as the human computer. Her talent earned her a place in the 1982 edition of The Guinness Book of World Records. Born to Hindu Kannada Brahmin parents, Devi was a talented child and she demonstrated her arithmetic abilities at the University of Mysore without any formal education. Shakuntala Devi wrote a number of books in her later years, including novels as well as texts about mathematics, puzzles, and astrology. She wrote the book The World of Homosexuals, which is considered the first study of homosexuality in India. She treated homosexuality in a positive light and is considered a pioneer in the field.


Shakuntala Devi was born in Bangalore, Karnataka to an orthodox Kannada Brahmin family. Her father rebelled against becoming a temple priest and instead joined a circus where he worked as a trapeze artist, lion tamer, tightrope walker, and magician. He discovered his daughter's ability to memorise numbers while teaching her a card trick when she was about three years old. Her father left the circus and took her on road shows that displayed her ability at calculation. She did this without any formal education. At the age of six, she demonstrated her arithmetic abilities at the University of Mysore, impressing all.

In 1944, Shakuntala Devi moved to London with her father. Shakuntala Devi travelled the world demonstrating her arithmetic talents, including a tour of Europe in 1950 and a performance in New York City in 1976. In 1988, she travelled to US to have her abilities studied by Arthur Jensen, a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley. Jensen tested her performance with several tasks, including the calculation of large numbers. Examples of the problems presented to Devi included calculating the cube root of 61,629,875 and the seventh root of 170,859,375. Jensen reported that Shakuntala Devi provided the solution to the above mentioned problems (395 and 15, respectively) before Jensen could copy them down in his notebook. Jensen published his findings in the academic journal Intelligence in 1990.



In 1977, at Southern Methodist University, she gave the 23rd root of a 201-digit number in 50 seconds. Her answer -546,372,891 - was confirmed by calculations done at the US Bureau of Standards by the UNIVAC 1101 computer, for which a special program had to be written to perform such a large calculation. On 18 June 1980, she demonstrated the multiplication of two 13-digit numbers - 7,686,369,774,870 × 2,465,099,745,779 - picked at random by the Computer Department of Imperial College London. She correctly answered 18,947,668,177,995,426,462,773,730 in 28 seconds. This event was recorded in the 1982 Guinness Book of Records. Writer Steven Smith said, ‘the result is so far superior to anything previously reported that it can only be described as unbelievable.’ Her record included the time it took her to recite the 26-digit solution.

During an event at the University of Rome, the judges declared her answer to a problem as wrong, until the experts re-examined their own calculations and found her to be right. Shakuntala Devi travelled the world, displaying her ability to perform complex calculations in her head, despite having no formal education. And given any date in the last century, she could ascertain the day on which it fell.

Shakuntala Devi explained many of the methods she used to do mental calculations in her book, Figuring: The Joy of Numbers, which is still in print. In 1977, she wrote, The World of Homosexuals, the first study of homosexuality in India. In the documentary, For Straights Only, she said that her interest in the topic was because of her marriage to a homosexual man and her desire to look at homosexuality more closely to understand it. The book, considered pioneering then, features interviews with two young Indian homosexual men, a male couple in Canada seeking legal marriage, a temple priest who explains his views on homosexuality, and a review of the existing literature on homosexuality. It ends with a call for decriminalisation of homosexuality, and full and complete acceptance—not tolerance and sympathy. The book, however, went mostly unnoticed at that time.

She returned to India in the mid-1960s and married Paritosh Banerji, an officer of the Indian Administrative Service from Kolkata. The marriage did not last long. They were divorced in 1979. In 1980, she contested in the Lok Sabha elections as an independent, from Mumbai South and from Medak, a place in Telangana. In Medak she stood against Indira Gandhi, saying she wanted to defend the people of Medak from being fooled by Mrs. Gandhi; she was fooled by the voters there, she stood ninth, with 6514 votes (1.47% of the votes). Shakuntala Devi returned to Bangalore in the early 1980s to lead a quiet life.

In April 2013, Shakuntala Devi was admitted to a hospital in Bangalore with respiratory problems. Over the following two weeks she suffered from complications of the heart and kidneys. She died in the hospital on 21 April 2013. She was 83 years old. She is survived by her daughter, Anupama Banerjee.

On 4 November 2013, Shakuntala Devi was honoured with a Google Doodle on what would have been her 84th birthday.

In addition to her work as a mental calculator, Devi was an astrologer and an author of several books, including cookbooks and novels. Below is the list of some of her books:

Astrology for You (New Delhi: Orient, 2005). 
Book of Numbers (New Delhi: Orient, 2006). 
Figuring: The Joy of Numbers (New York: Harper & Row, 1977)
In the Wonderland of Numbers (New Delhi: Orient, 2006). 
Mathability: Awaken the Math Genius in Your Child (New Delhi: Orient, 2005). 
More Puzzles to Puzzle You (New Delhi: Orient, 2006). 
Perfect Murder (New Delhi: Orient, 1976), 
Puzzles to Puzzle You (New Delhi: Orient, 2005). 
Super Memory: It Can Be Yours (New Delhi: Orient, 2011).; (Sydney: New Holland, 2012). 
The World of Homosexuals (Vikas Publishing House, 1977), 

A film on her life story was announced in May 2019, slated to be released in summer 2020. The film titled Shakuntala Devi stars Vidya Balan in the lead role and features Sanya Malhotra, Amit Sadh, and Jisshu Sengupta. It is produced by Sony Pictures Networks Productions and Vikram Malhotra. The release date of the film was initially planned for 8 May 2020, however due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the film will be streamed worldwide on Amazon Prime Video, instead of being released theatrically.

She once said – Mathematics is life, you have math in everything, right from your date of birth to the food you eat and the air you breathe. She’s gone but her achievements have left a mark of her genius.









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India joins US and China among world’s three biggest military spenders

The US, China and India were the world’s three biggest military spenders in 2019, arms watchdog Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPR) said . India’s defence expenditure rose by 6.8% to $71.1 billion. India’s tensions and rivalry with both Pakistan and China are among the major drivers for its increased military spending, SIPRI senior researcher Siemon Wezeman said.


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Shiv Ling, Amarnath, India
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Monday 11 May 2020

Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church





This is one of the most iconic structures in Goa. You can’t miss this church. The Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church is located in Panjim, Goa, in India. The Church conducts mass every day in English, Konkani, and Portuguese. The colonial Portuguese Baroque style church was first built in 1541 as a chapel on a hill side overlooking the city of Panjim…..

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When anyone arrives in Goa he is bound to notice this iconic structure in Panjim. Not all of Goa’s myriad ancient churches are concentrated in Velha Goa. A notable exception is the Our Lady of Immaculate Conception Church which is located in Panjim, the capital city of Goa. It has a singularly distinctive appearancedue to the double flights of steps that zigzag across the hillside on which it is built. True to its name, the façade of this church is painted in immaculate sparkling white. To a regular tourist, this might even belie the actual age and antiquity of this church. To reach the church, you have to climb 78 steps. This zigzagging double staircase was a later addition, added in 1871 after the land in front of the church was reclaimed, at the same time the pediment and belfry was strengthened in preparation for the installation of the heavy Augustinian bell.

Pic: By Klaus Nahr from Germany 
Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception Church (Igreja de Nossa Senhora da Imaculada Conceição) is located in city centre at Panjim,  in Goa. The main altar is dedicated to Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, known as Nossa Senhora da Immaculada Conceicao in Portuguese. The altar on the right is dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary while the one on the left is dedicated to the Crucifixion of Christ.   The Church conducts mass every day in English, Konkani, and Portuguese.

The colonial Portuguese Baroque style church was first built in 1541 as a chapel on a hill side overlooking the city of Panjim. It was eventually replaced by a larger church in the 1600s as part of Portuguese Goa's religious expansion. This church houses the ancient bell that was removed from the Augustinian ruins of the Church of Our Lady of Grace (Nossa Senhora da Graça) in the once famed city of Old Goa. This bell is considered to be the second largest of its kind in Goa, surpassed only by the Golden Bell which resides in the Sé Cathedral in Old Goa.


Pic: By Rupeshsarkar 
The church is laid out in the orthodox cruciform fashion. The main altar has a bas-relief carving of the Last Supper of Jesus with his Apostles. The pulpit has a depiction of the descending of the Holy Spirit in the form of a dove. The main altar is backed by a fantastically carved and gilded reredos, where the statue of St. Francis Xavier enjoys pride of place. The two sub-altars are also noteworthy for the carving and gilt work and they are flanked by statues of St. Peter and St. Paul. In the southern part of the transept is the chapel of St. Francis Xavier, which is very popular amongst the visitors to this church.

A chapel was first built in Panjim in 1541, to serve the religious needs of Portuguese sailors at their first port of call in colonial Portuguese India. At that time the settlement was a small fishing village. It became a Parish in 1600, and in 1609 the small chapel was replaced by the present day large church to minister to the residents and sailors. In the 18th century the stairways, in a symmetrical zigzag form were added to the church. The second largest church bell in Goa was installed in a bell tower in 1871. It was formerly at the Augustinian Monastery on Holy Hill, and was retrieved after the monastery was damaged.

Pic: Bogman
The church is located in Panjim and sits atop a hill facing the square below. The city's municipal garden (Garcia da orta) lies to its southeast and can be seen from atop the hill. The site was once the location of a colonial port landing where ships sailing from Lisbon made first call, and where sailors disembarked before they proceeded further inland to Ela (now Old Goa) - the capital of Goa until the 19th century. A laterite stone walkway with ziz-zag stairs ascend the church while lines of thin and tall palm trees form part of the scene.

 
The exterior facade of the church, rich with Portuguese Baroque style architectural elements is painted a bright white to signify the Immaculate virgin Mary. The tall belfry centered atop the facade houses the bell from the Augustinian Monastery. The imposing façade is distinctive with its two towers and centrally placed taller belfry. It can be seen from a great distance and is often known as the ‘crown’ of Panjim. The steps are possibly remodeled after the Nossa Senhora da Peneda Sanctuary in Penada and the Bom Jesus do Monte church in Braga, Portugal.

The interior of the church is not extravagant, but is colourful. The main altar, which has an elegant decor, is dedicated to Mother Mary. There are two other intricately carved, gold plated and decorated altars, one each on either side of the main altar. The one to the left is of Jesus's Crucifixion, and the one to the right is of the Our Lady of the Rosary. These two altars are flanked by marble statues of St Peter and St Paul.
On festive occasions, the wooden structural elements, which form part of the vaulted ceiling above the altars, are festooned with twines of blue and white flowers, an indication of the external colour scheme of the church.

There is also a chapel of St. Francis Xavier, located in the south transept to the right side of the main altar; the statues in this chapel are enclosed in a glass case.

Pic: By Josephdesousa 
During the Festival of Our Lady of the Immaculate Conception, held every year on 8 December, the church is colourfully illuminated. A fair is also part of this festival. On this day of December this church celebrates the feast of the Immaculate Conception with great pomp and fervour. The celebrations are preceded by a nine day novena to Our Lady. The church is decorated with a profusion of lights and the vaulted ceiling is strung with blue and white flowers which reflect the colour scheme of the church.

After the feast mass the people go in procession with a brass band and the candle sellers come out in force, to sell their wares to the faithful desirous of making offerings to Our Lady to ask for her intercession. After the procession there is often a firework display while the band continues to play festive music. People enjoy themselves, walking amongst the stalls selling miniature statuettes, souvenirs, garments, food and drink, to name just a few. Here I may add, if you find the façade of this church familiar, that may be because it has been the backdrop for many a Bollywood movies.

Also read:  The story of Milagres church, Mangalore

The Velankanni Basilica, Velankanni

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Both partial and complete blindness can be cured?

If this can happen, many people with partial or complete blindness can benefit. Scientists have finally created artificial retina implants. These artificial retinas are so powerful that it can give vision to even to patients who are dealing with complete blindness. With this new invention, millions will get to see the world, colours and beauty of nature and 99 per cent of eye problems can be cured. In some parts of the world, doctors and hospitals have already started using them on patients.

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Visit Goa
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