Myntra Plum Croma Suez Crisis
& Arab-Israeli war
On the same day that the canal was nationalized Nasser also closed the Straits of Tiran to all Israeli ships. This led to the Suez Crisis in which the UK, France, and Israel invaded Egypt. According to the pre-agreed war plans under the Protocol of Sèvres, Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula on 29 October, forcing Egypt to engage them militarily, and allowing the Anglo-French partnership to declare the resultant fighting a threat to stability in the Middle East and enter the war - officially to separate the two forces but in reality to regain the Canal and bring down the Nasser government......
Most of you must have heard about Suez Canal during
the middle-east conflict between Egypt and Israel. It’s more than over 150
years since the inauguration of the Suez Canal. The Suez Canal is an artificial
sea-level waterway in Egypt, connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea
through the Isthmus of Suez and dividing Africa and Asia. The canal is part of
the Silk Road that connects Europe with Asia. But soon it got embroiled in an international
crisis of major proportion affecting the world shipping. The combined forces of
British, Israel and France launched an attack on Egypt.
After conquering Egypt in 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte
considered building the canal. His experts incorrectly concluded that it would
result in disastrous flooding, leading him to abandon the project. In 1859,
Ferdinand de Lesseps formed the Suez Canal Co and materialized an almost
century-long dream. Suez Canal took 10 years to build. The water passage is
193km long and 24 meters deep. Nearly 60,000 workers had to be employed to
remove 74 million cubic meters of earth. The canal was completed at a cost of
433 million Francs thus making it quicker and cheaper for ships around the
globe. Thereby help saving considerable time and fuel.
Egyptian overtures towards the Soviet Union,
the United Kingdom and the United States withdrew their
pledge to support the construction of the Aswan Dam. Egyptian
President Gamal Abdel Nasser responded by nationalizing the
canal on 26 July 1956 and transferring it to the Suez Canal
Authority, intending to finance the dam project using revenue from the canal.
On the same day that the canal was nationalized Nasser also closed
the Straits of Tiran to all Israeli ships. This led to
the Suez Crisis in which the UK, France, and Israel invaded
Egypt. According to the pre-agreed war plans under the Protocol of Sèvres,
Israel invaded the Sinai Peninsula on 29 October, forcing Egypt to
engage them militarily, and allowing the Anglo-French partnership to
declare the resultant fighting a threat to stability in the Middle East and
enter the war - officially to separate the two forces but in reality to regain
the Canal and bring down the Nasser government. However, they had to withdraw
after the nuclear threat from the then Soviet Union. The conflict actually was
a result of Britain’s military occupation of the canal-zone, even after Egypt
gained independence and Britain wanted to control the important waterway.
To save the British from what he thought was a
disastrous action and to stop the war from a possible escalation, Canadian
Secretary of State for External Affairs Lester B. Pearson proposed
the creation of the first United Nations peacekeeping force to ensure access to
the canal for all and an Israeli withdrawal from the Sinai Peninsula. On 4
November 1956, a majority at the United Nations voted for Pearson's
peacekeeping resolution, which mandated the UN peacekeepers to stay
in Sinai unless both Egypt and Israel agreed to their withdrawal. The United
States backed this proposal by putting pressure on the British government
through the selling of sterling, which would cause it to depreciate.
Britain then called a ceasefire, and later agreed to withdraw its troops by the
end of the year. Pearson was later awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. As a
result of damage and ships sunk under orders from Nasser the canal was closed
until April 1957, when it was cleared with UN assistance. A UN force (UNEF)
was established to maintain the free navigability of the canal, and peace in
the Sinai Peninsula.
Arab–Israeli
wars of 1967 and 1973
In May 1967, Nasser ordered the UN peacekeeping
forces out of Sinai, including the Suez Canal area. Israel objected to the
closing of the Straits of Tiran to Israeli shipping. The canal had
been closed to Israeli shipping since 1949, except for a short period in
1951–1952.
After the 1967 Six-Day War, Israeli forces
occupied the Sinai Peninsula, including the entire east bank of the Suez Canal.
Unwilling to allow the Israelis to use the canal, Egypt immediately imposed a
blockade which closed the canal to all shipping. Fifteen cargo ships, known as
the Yellow Fleet, were trapped in the canal, and would remain there until 1975.
In 1973, during the Yom Kippur War, the canal
was the scene of a major crossing by the Egyptian army into
Israeli-occupied Sinai and a counter-crossing by the Israeli army to
Egypt. Much wreckage from this conflict remains visible along the canal's
edges.
Mine clearing operations (1974–75) - After the Yom
Kippur War the United States initiated Operation Nimbus Moon.
The amphibious assault ship USS Inchon (LPH-12) was sent to
the Canal, carrying 12 RH-53D minesweeping helicopters of HM-12.
These partly cleared the canal between May and December 1974. She was relieved
by the LST USS Barnstable County (LST1197). The
British Royal Navy initiated Operation Rheostat and Task
Group 65.2 provided for Operation Rheostat One (six months in 1974), the
mine hunters HMS Maxton, HMS Bossington,
and HMS Wilton, the Fleet Clearance Diving Team
(FCDT) and HMS Abdiel, a practice minelayer/MCMV support ship;
and for Operation Rheostat Two (six months in 1975) the minehunters HMS
Hubberston and HMS Sheraton, and HMS Abdiel. When the Canal Clearance
Operations were completed, the canal and its lakes were considered 99% clear of
mines. The canal was then reopened by Egyptian President Anwar
Sadat aboard on an Egyptian destroyer, which led the first convoy
northbound to Port Said in 1975. At his side stood the Iranian Crown
Prince Reza Pahlavi, delegated to represent his father, Mohammed Reza
Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran. The cruiser USS Little Rock was the
only American naval ship in the convoy.
The UNEF mandate expired in 1979. Despite
the efforts of the United States, Israel, Egypt, and others to obtain an
extension of the UN role in observing the peace between Israel and Egypt, as
called for under the Egypt–Israel Peace Treaty of 1979, the mandate
could not be extended because of the veto by the Soviet Union in
the UN Security Council, at the request of Syria. Accordingly,
negotiations for a new observer force in the Sinai produced
the Multinational Force and Observers (MFO), stationed in Sinai in
1981 in coordination with a phased Israeli withdrawal. It is there under
agreements between the United States, Israel, Egypt, and other nations.
Kama Ayurveda Ustraa
Also read:
Mangaladevi Temple, Mangalore
The Velankanni Basilica
MyPost
Story of the
Statue of Liberty
The Statue of Liberty in New York almost ended up
in Egypt. Towards the completion of the Suez Canal Sculptor Auguste Bartholdi
tried to convince Ferdinand de Lesseps to let him build a sculpture called
‘Egypt Bringing Light to Asia’ at its Mediterranean entrance. He wanted to
commemorate the opening of the all important waterway with this huge and
impressive statue. However it did not materialize.
Bartholdi originally envisioned the statue as a
woman clothed in Egyptian peasant robes, holding a massive torch, but the
project was rejected by Lesseps. And America was the beneficiary of this
landmark statue.
Tata CLiQ Store SBI Card
MamaEarth MediBuddy
..............................................................................................
Picture Post
 |
| Sringeri Mutt, Karnataka |
.............................................................................................................................................................................................*Your
comments are welcome. We value them, to make the blog better.
*Guest
writers are welcome. Tell us about the subject. Get in touch.
*Please
share this blog with your friends. Redwolf
...............................................................................................
https://youtube.com/channel/UCwo9Re44827w8c6QPmxlnug
Anil
Naik - YouTube Channel
Please
like, comment and Subscribe. Beardo
...............................................................................................
Aneela Nike PostAnil
Naik
WhatsApp:
91 9969154602
Email: akn929@yahoo.com
...............................................................................................
If
you feel that Aneela Nike Post is making a difference to your life, do take a
minute to consider a comment or contribution. We would also value your
suggestions as how to make ourselves more relevant to you. Please write to akn929@yahoo.com to give your
valuable feedback.
No comments:
Post a Comment