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South Korea’s IMF Bailout?
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Remembering India's first Nobel laureate
Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, author, playwright, musician, composer, philosopher, social reformer, painter and one of the foremost figures of the Bengali Renaissance. He supported India’s freedom movement through inspiring patriotic songs, cultural unity, and moral defiance against British rule ............
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The present generation have heard or know about Rabindranath Tagore as the creator of the Indian national anthem – Jana Gana Mana. And very few are aware of his other achievements, he won the Nobel Prize for his collection of poems- Geetanjali. And he was the founder of Shantiniketan, an open-air school in 1901. He taught students to love nature and think freely. It helped build cultural pride and national identity.
Rabindranath Tagore was born on May7th 1861 to Debendranath Tagore and Saradha Devi in Jorasanka Thakurbari, Calcutta, now Kolkata. He was educated at UCL Faculty of Laws, Presidency University and St Xavier’s Collegiate School. He had thirteen siblings. They were Jyothirindranath Tagore, Dwijendranath Tagore, Satyendranath Tagore, Swarnakumari Devi, Hemendranath Tagore, Somendranath Tagore, Birendranath Tagore, Punyendranath Tagore Soudamini Tagore, Bhudendranath Tagore, Barnakumari Tagore, Saratkumari Tagore and Sukumari Tagore. Rabindranath Tagore was the youngest of the 14 children.
From time to time, one hears about Tagore family. Descendants of the Tagore family live primarily in Kolkatta and Shantiniketan, while others have spread across the world.
Rabindranath Tagore was a Bengali poet, author, playwright, musician, composer, philosopher, social reformer, painter and one of the foremost figures of the Bengali Renaissance. He supported India’s freedom movement through inspiring patriotic songs, cultural unity, and moral defiance against British rule rather than active political participation. He opposed the partition of Bengal. He wrote Amar Sonar Bangla to unite the people. He composed Ekla Chalo Re to urge people to walk alone for a good cause. He wrote Chitto Jetha Bhayshunyo to inspire a fearless mind. These songs gave emotional strength to freedom fighters. British troops committed the Jallianwala Bagh massacre and Tagore gave up his British Knighthood in protest.
In 1869 Tagore penned his first poetry when he was nearly eight years old. In 1877 Tagore released its first substantial poems under the pseudonym Bhanusinha at the age of sixteen.
In1878 to 1880 Tagore was sent to England at the age of seventeen for formal education. He returned to Bengal without a degree in 1880 but was inspired to produce his own literary works by fusing the of Bengali and European tradition.
In 1883 Gurudev Rabindranath Tagore married Mrinalini Devi according to the rituals of Brahmo Samaj. Together they had five children, Rathindranath, Shamindranath, Renuka Devi, Meera Devi, Madhurilata Devi. But two died during childhood.
In the 1890s Tagore lived mainly in rural East Bengal managing family estate. In 1901 Tagore established his school at Shantiniketan with five students (including his eldest son) and an equal number of teachers. He originally named it Brahmacharya Ashram.
In 1911 Gurudev wrote India’s national anthem ‘Jana Gana Mana’. It was originally composed in Bengali as the hymn Bharoto Bhagya Bidhata. It’s first stanza was officially adopted as the national anthem of India by the Constituent Assembly on January 24, 1950.
In 1913 Tagore became the first Asian Nobel Laureate and the non-European to win the for literature for his book ‘Gitanjali’ in 1913 (started writing in 1909). In 1915 Tagore was knighted by the ruling British government in 1915, but within few years he resigned the honor as a protest against the British policies in India.
In 1916 to 1917 Tagore stayed in Japan and the US where he delivered lectures on the theme, on Nationalism and on Personality.
In 1921 Gurudev Ravindra Ram established Vishva Bharati University in Shantiniketan. He donated all his money from the Nobel Prize and royalty money from his books to this university.
Rabidranath Tagore met
Mahatma Gandhi multiple times, beginning with their first historic meeting on
March 6, 1915 at Shantinekatan. Gandhi called him Gurudev.
In 1924 Tagore started touring China, Japan and Argentina, addressing students and teachers there. In 1930-1940 Tagore started lecturing in Europe, the USSR and the USA. In 1940, the Oxford University awarded him a Doctorate of Literature at a special ceremony held at Shantiniketan.
The birthplace of Rabindranath Tagore in Kolkatta is now a public museum and part of Rabindra Bharati University managed by state government. Tagore breathed his last on August 7, 1941 at the age of 80. He didn’t live to see a free India. Whenever the national anthem is played or sung, he will always be remembered.
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South Korea’s IMF Bailout?
South Korea secured a historic US$58 billion emergency bailout from the International Monetary Fund on December 3, 1997, to prevent a national default during Asian financial crisis. The IMF required high interest rates, tight monitor policy and strict government budget cuts to stabilize the currency.
New labor market rules made it easier for corporations to lay off workers ending the traditional expectation of lifelong employment. The country suffered severe recession with a 6.7% economic contraction in 1998 causing mass corporate bankruptcies and soaring unemployment.
After South Korea was forced to accept the largest IMF bailout in history, more than three and a half million ordinary citizens donated their wedding rings, family hair looms and Olympic gold medals to help repay the countries debt - collecting 227 tons of gold in four months. Three and a half million Koreans lined up outside their banks in January 1998 to hand over their family jewelry. What do think of the effort of the Korean people and their nationalism?
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